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Interval · 10 semitones · do to te

Minor 7th ten semitones


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Mnemonics, up and down

Going up: "Somewhere" from West Side Story. Bernstein opens "There's a place for us" with an ascending minor 7th on the first two syllables, and it's the rare leap this size that everyone has heard sung. The original Star Trek fanfare makes the same jump with more brass.

Going down: Watermelon Man, if Herbie Hancock is in your rotation. Falling minor 7ths are scarce in famous openings, so the descending button above will do most of the work here, and the inversion trick below does the rest.

Jazz fills in both directions. Mark Levine's interval table fixes the ascending minor 7th to the bridge of McCoy Tyner's "Aisha" and the descending one to Billy Strayhorn's "Chelsea Bridge."

On the staff

C up to B♭, played together
The same two notes, one after the other

The working dissonance

Sevenths are dissonances, but where the major 7th bristles, the minor 7th leans. It's the interval between a dominant chord's root and its seventh, the added note that makes V7 feel like a held breath. In the old common-practice rules that seventh always resolved down by step; jazz and pop loosened the leash, letting minor 7ths hang in the air as color. Both habits live in your ear already. The interval sounds like motion pending, even when the motion never comes.

A notation footnote that occasionally matters: ten semitones can also be spelled as an augmented 6th, an interval that resolves outward instead of inward. The two are identical in sound, and for training purposes they're one answer. The spelling is the composer's note to the performer about what happens next.

What it gets confused with

The major 7th above it is the sharper, more abrasive seventh; the minor 7th is rounder and more settled into its lean. The octave, two semitones up, doesn't rub at all, and that's the test at the top of the range: if the wide leap sounds like the same note again, it's the octave; if it bristles hard, the major 7th; if it leans with some warmth left in it, this one. When in doubt, invert: a minor 7th flips into a plain major 2nd.

How Aubel handles it

The minor 7th unlocks eighth beyond the starting set, deep in the pool, after the octave and major 7th have staked out the top of the range. Its rounds are mostly about that three-way neighborhood: octave, major 7th, minor 7th, each one semitone apart and each with a different temperature. The detail screen leads with Somewhere.

Common questions

How many semitones are in a minor seventh?
Ten. From C, count up to B♭. One more semitone makes the major seventh; one fewer makes the major sixth.
Where does the minor seventh show up in chords?
It is the seventh in the dominant 7th chord, the note that turns a plain V chord into V7 and gives it its urge to resolve. Minor 7 and half-diminished chords carry it too. If you have ever heard the moment of leaning right before a song lands on its home chord, you have heard this interval working.
What is the difference between a minor seventh and an augmented sixth?
By ear, nothing: both span ten semitones. On the page they resolve in opposite directions. A minor seventh (C up to B♭) tends to pull inward, the seventh falling by step, while an augmented sixth (C up to A♯) pushes outward to an octave. Composers pick the spelling that matches where the music is going; for ear training, both are simply this sound.
What does a minor seventh invert to?
A major second. Flip the lower note up an octave (C to B♭ becomes B♭ to C) and ten semitones become two. That is also a usable trick: a big leap that flips into a humble whole step was a minor seventh.

References

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