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Interval · 6 semitones · half an octave

Tritone half an octave


Sampled piano. Sound on.

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Mnemonics, up and down

The Simpsons theme. The "The Simp-" to "-sons" leap is a tritone up, and Danny Elfman wrote it that way on purpose, so the show would have a recognizable musical fingerprint. The other classic is "Maria" from West Side Story: a rising tritone on the first two syllables, resolved up a half step on the third. The resolution is the point; the tritone wants to move, and Bernstein gives it permission. Rush's YYZ riffs on the interval in morse code if you want the deep cut.

Going down, no famous opening carries it, so use the descending button above. The interval's instability survives the flip intact, which is more than can be said for any other interval; falling or rising, a tritone is a tritone.

Jazz does supply a descending reference the pop songbook lacks. Mark Levine's interval table fixes the ascending tritone to Joe Henderson's "Isotope" and the descending tritone to the bridge of Ellington's "Sophisticated Lady."

On the staff

C up to F♯, played together
The same two notes, one after the other

Why it can't settle

In C major the only naturally occurring tritone is F against B, fa against ti. Sing them together and your ear immediately wants F to fall to E and B to rise to C, the two tendency tones discharging in opposite directions. That outward resolution is what every dominant 7 chord is built around: C7 contains the same tritone between E and B♭, and when it resolves (E up to F, B♭ down to A) the chord lands on F major. Every blues turnaround, every II-V-I, every classical cadence runs that move. The dominant 7 is the engine; the tritone inside it is the spark.

Its rarity is a feature too. The tritone occurs exactly once in any major scale, which makes it a landmark: hearing where the lone unstable interval sits is part of how the ear locates the key in the first place. And because the interval splits the octave exactly in half, it's the only one that inverts to itself. Six semitones up from C is F♯; six more and you're home.

The "devil's interval" thing

You'll see the tritone called diabolus in musica in most popular write-ups. Medieval theorists did use the phrase, but as a teaching aid for avoiding awkward melodic leaps in chant, not a metaphysical prohibition. Nobody banned the interval. Renaissance composers used it constantly, just with the resolution worked out.

The cultural association with darkness comes from how useful the tritone is for tension. Black Sabbath built a sound around it. So did most horror scores. The interval isn't evil; it's the most efficient way in tonal music to make a listener feel that something needs to happen next.

What it gets confused with

The tritone sits between the perfect 4th (one semitone narrower) and the perfect 5th (one semitone wider), and in practice the confusion runs mostly one way: people mislabel a tritone as one of its stable neighbors, rarely the reverse. The 4th feels folk-friendly and the 5th feels settled; the tritone feels like you stopped a semitone short of safety. That unease is the giveaway. If the interval makes you want a next note, you've found the weird one.

How Aubel handles it

The tritone is the last interval to unlock. By then you've worked through everything around it, and the recognition question becomes "is this the unstable one?" instead of "what is this?", which is a much faster decision. The detail screen leads with The Simpsons and keeps YYZ for the Rush fans.

Common questions

What's the difference between an augmented 4th and a diminished 5th?
Spelling, and what happens next. Both span six semitones and sound identical out of context. Written as an augmented 4th (F up to B), the interval tends to resolve outward to a 6th; written as a diminished 5th (B up to F), it pulls inward to a 3rd. Composers pick the spelling that points where the music is going. For ear training, both are one answer: tritone.
Why is the tritone called the devil's interval?
Medieval theorists nicknamed it diabolus in musica, but as a memorable warning about awkward leaps in chant, not a ban. Nobody outlawed it; Renaissance composers used it constantly with the resolution worked out. The modern darkness association is mostly downstream of how useful the interval is for tension, which horror scores and Black Sabbath both noticed.
How many semitones is a tritone?
Six, exactly half the twelve-semitone octave. The name counts a different way: three whole tones stacked (hence tri-tone). Its symmetry means it is the only interval that inverts to itself; six semitones up from C is F♯, and six more brings you back to C.
What is a tritone substitution?
A jazz move built on shared tension. Two dominant 7th chords with roots a tritone apart contain the same two tense notes (G7 and D♭7 both hold B and F), so one can stand in for the other. The substitute resolves down a half step into the home chord, giving the smooth chromatic bass line you hear all over jazz standards.

References

Train this in Aubel.

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